Newtype Lab
A catch-all term for institutions designed to explore the limits of human potential. Almost every supranational union has operated at least one Newtype Lab, as well as most insurgencies. Almost no one admits it.
A few Newtype labs, most notably those at Kilimanjaro and Augusta, have been made matters of public record as part of the fallout of the Gryps Conflict. As far as the average civilian is aware, Newtype Labs are a Titans and Principality of Zeon problem first and foremost, and are largely extinct.
The primary purpose of most post-One Year War Newtype Labs has been to create Cyber-Newtypes and other enhanced humans. This has been a fraught process with a proportionally enormous cost in human life.
Despite the name, Newtype Labs have not only served Newtypes; as the question of human evolution remains blurry, other categories of evolved individual have also been studied under the Newtype Lab umbrella.